Natural brown diamonds:
Whereas the brown color due to irradiation or nickel impurity can be easily recognized through spectroscopic (e.g. absorption) measurements, the majority of natural brown diamonds do not show any characteristic absorption peaks. Whereas the consensus has been reached that the color relates to the plastic deformation, the particular reason has not been reliably identified yet. Extended lattice defects such as dislocations and slip planes were the most popular candidate, however, recent results favor large clusters of vacancies (mini-voids) as a more likely cause.
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